Dyslexia is a learning disorder that makes it difficult to read, write and spell. It is a neurological problem, not an intellectual disability where the brain mixes up letters and words. Most children are very bright, but not being able to read well makes school difficult. Approximately 5-17% of the population suffers from this disorder. It often runs in families.

SYMPTOMS:

Talking later than average, slow to learn new words, and problems with rhyming

Difficulty in following multiple step directions

Problem with reading single words

Problems linking letters with sounds

Confusing small words

Reversing shapes of written letters, like b and d

Writing words backwards.

Difficulty with learning the alphabet

Confused by opposites

Very poor spelling

DIAGNOSIS:

Although dyslexia may be diagnosed by a medical doctor, because it is a reading disorder, it may first be noticed in school during the primary years. If suspected, a specialist or school psychologist may perform a battery of tests including an assessment of reading abilities, short term memory, sequencing skills, coding skills and an IQ test.

TREATMENT:

Therapy sessions with a speech-language pathologist or reading specialist may be recommended.

IEP goals usually focus on having the child learn to understand how letters are linked to sounds and how sounds make words. The child practices reading aloud and they learn to listen and repeat instructions. Medications are usually not part of the treatment plan.

A child with a reading disability should qualify for special education services under the category of specific learning disability. The individualized education plan (IEP) outlines the services that best meet the needs of the child. Interventions may include sessions with a reading specialist, school psychologist or a speech-language pathologist.

It's possible a child with dyslexia also suffers from other learning disabilities. If you suspect your child may have additional disorders, you can meet with the school psychologist or school study team (SST) to discuss further interventions. The section on study skills may also be helpful if you are looking for specific strategies that will strengthen your child's school performance.